Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension – What Have We Learned From Large Animal Models

Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) develops in a subset of patients after acute embolism. In CTEPH, vascular resistance, which is initially elevated due to the obstructions larger arteries, further increased by microvascular remodeling. The afterload right ventricle (RV) leads RV dilation and hypertrophy. This remodeling predisposes arrhythmogenesis failure. Yet, mechanisms involved remodeling, processes underlying structural functional adaptability CTEPH as well determinants susceptibility arrhythmias such atrial fibrillation context remain incompletely understood. Several large animal models with critical clinical features human subsequent have relatively recently been developed swine, sheep, dogs. this review we will discuss current knowledge on development progression how can help enlarge understanding these processes.